InvIT (Infrastructure Investment Trust) is an asset class specifically pertaining to the infrastructure space. It is a collective investment vehicle that pools together funds from long-term investors to acquire income-generating infrastructure assets from developers. It can be looked at as a portfolio of underlying operating Infrastructure Assets with a regular and stable stream of income and cash-flows. These cash-flows are passed on to the holding Trust (InvIT) to be paid out to unitholders in the same manner as it accrued to the Trust.
IRB InvIT is a Trust owning a portfolio of 7 Toll Road assets with gross toll collection of ~ Rs. 14.9bn for FY 2017-18. The Trust was listed on 18th May, 2017 on both exchanges BSE and NSE. Presently, the Trust has unit capital of Rs 59.2bn and EV of Rs 74.7bn.
Investment Structure:
In addition to Unit Capital raised at the time of IPO, the Trust has raised Rs 15.5bn debt from Banks to fund acquisition of seventh asset. It can add another Rs 45bn worth of assets through debt funding, as permitted under the InvIT Regulations (Maximum permissible Debt equity for InvIT is 1:1)
Total EV | Rs 74.7bn |
Unit Capital | Rs 59.2bn |
Debt | Rs 15.5bn |
(Rs. In Lakhs)
Particulars | IDAA Infrastructure Limited (IDAA) | IRB Surat Dahisar Tollway Limited (IRBSD) | IRB Talegaon Amravati Tollway Limited (IRBTA) | IRB Jaipur Deoli Tollway Limited (IRBJD) | IRB Tumkur Chitradurga Tollway Limited (IRBTC) | M.V.R. Infrastructure And Tollways Limited (MVR) | IRB Pathankot Amritsar Toll Road Limited (IRBPA) |
Concession period (in years) | 15 | 12 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 20 | 20 |
Concession start date | January 2, 2007 | February 20, 2009 | September 3, 2010 | June 14, 2010 | June 4, 2011 | August 14, 2006 | December 30, 2010 |
Tolling start date | September 25, 2009 | February 20, 2009 | April 24, 2013 | September 27, 2013 | June 4, 2011 | August 14, 2006 | November 27, 2014 |
Total project cost (Rs. in Lakhs) | 140,549.00 | 252,857.40 | 89,259.50 | 177,469.60 | 114,200.00 | 30,759.90 | 144,531.00 |
No. of Toll plazas | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Km Length | 65.00 | 239.00 | 66.73 | 148.77 | 114.00 | 68.63 | 102.42 |
Lane Km | 390.00 | 1,434.00 | 267.00 | 595.00 | 684.00 | 275.00 | 410.00 |
State | Gujarat | Gujarat | Maharashtra | Rajasthan | Karnataka | Tamil Nadu | Punjab |
National Highway | NH 8 | NH 8 | NH 6 | NH 12 | NH 4 | NH 7 | NH 15 |
Particular | Amount | Surprise Element | Remarks |
NHAI Premium / Revenue Share | As per Concession agreement | Known amount or percentage – no surprises | Paid to NHAI. If Revenue share – adjusted against gross revenue and net revenue flows to P&L. If Premium payment – reported on Balance sheet and adjusted in Cash flows. |
O&M expense | ~10 to 15% of Gross Revenues | Fixed Price contract with Project Manager | Paid to Project Manager. Reported in P&L – deducting from Net Revenues, Balance flows to EBITDA |
Interest | @ 13% p.a. | Nil | Paid to Trust – corresponding to debt outstanding for subsequent distribution to unitholders |
Tax | As per Taxation norms | Nil | If Positive Profit Before Tax, SPV pays tax and resulting Profit After Tax becomes available for dividend payout to Trust |
Loan Repayment | As per agreement with Trust | Nil | Loan repayment to Trust is in effect return of capital invested by the Trust in the form of Loan to SPV |
There are three streams of cash-flows that the Trust receives from underlying SPVs. Against these cash inflows, at Trust level, there are three major outflows:
- Investment Manager fees: ~1% of Net Revenues, within a Min of Rs 100mn and Max of Rs 250mn
- Interest on External Debt: Interest cost of 8.15%p.a. presently
- Loan Repayment: Scheduled in line with the cash-flow build-up of asset acquired with ballooning repayment schedule over the next 15 years.
- The net amount of cash at the Trust level, after meeting these obligations, is called the Net distributable cash-flow (NDCF). The Trust is obligated to distribute NDCF to unitholders – in the same format as received from SPVs.
Income Stream | Distribution to Unitholders | Remarks |
Interest from SPVs | Interest | Minimum 90% of NDCF is to be mandatorily paid out. Over the total life of IRB InvIT with current 7 assets, total distribution of over Rs. 438/unit expected comprising 38% as Dividend, 36% as Interest and balance 26% as Buyback/Capital reduction |
Dividend from SPVs | Dividend | |
Loan Repayment | Capital Reduction/ Buyback |
NDCF for FY-18
Sr. No. | Particulars | Year ended March 31, 2018 |
1 | Cash flows received from Project SPVs in the form of Interest | 51,122.81 |
2 | Cash flows received from Project SPVs in the form of Dividend | – |
3 | Any other income accruing at the Trust level and not captured above, including but not limited to interest/return on surplus cash invested by the Trust | 446.14 |
4 | Cash flows received from the project SPVs towards the repayment (Net) of the debt issued to the Project SPVs by the Trust | 21,911.71 |
5 | Total cash inflow at the Trust level (A) | 73,480.66 |
Less: | ||
6 | Any payment of fees, interest and expense incurred at the Trust level, including but not limited to the fees of the Investment Manager | (7,546.97) |
7 | Income tax (if applicable) at the Standalone Trust Level | – |
8 | Repayment of external debt | (389.50) |
9 | Total cash outflows / retention at the Trust level (B) | (7,936.47) |
10 | Net Distributable Cash Flows (C) = (A+B) | 65,544.19 |
Capital reduction is the payout made corresponding to the repayment of loan by underlying SPVs to the Trust – in turn generated from operating cash-flows of the SPVs. Capital reduction forms a part of distribution for Business trusts / REITs globally and is included in calculation of returns/yield for the Trust.
The indicative yield, for InvIT, works in same manner as one would calculate IRR on investment, meaning – the payouts include part capital reduction and part return/yield – totaling up to reflected IRR (refer illustration below). In the case of InvIT – the payout will be spread over the residual life of the Trust (based on underlying assets, which for IRB InvIT currently stands at approx. 23 years) and will be paid out in three modes – Interest, Capital reduction / Buyback and Dividend.
Accordingly, the Trust has made distribution of Rs 7.65/unit as Interest and Rs 2.9/unit as capital reduction for FY18 (318 days ending 31st Mar 2018). This payout, should not considered in isolation and, is rather one of the approx. 88 (4 distributions per annum x 22 years as residual life of InvIT) more payments to be made – which put together, reflect the indicated IRR of ~12% on issue price of Rs 102/unit. As shown below, the IRR builds over the total period of payouts:
Illustration for calculation of IRR:
Method 1:
Method 1:
* Negative represents Cash Outflow and positive represents Cash Inflow
No TDS shall be applicable on Capital reduction/Buyback and Dividend. Capital reduction/ buyback will result in reduction in the cost of Investments. Dividend is exempt from tax as per the limits specified in the Income Tax Act. Interest shall be taxable in the hands of unitholders as per relevant tax slab. However, TDS is applicable at the time of distribution of interest as per chart below.
Category of unit-holder along with corresponding applicable withholding provisions | Parameters for determining the tax residential status | Withholding tax rate in case of ‘Tax Resident’ | Withholding tax rate in case of ‘Tax Non-Resident’ (shall be increased with | |
Where the income or the aggregate of such incomes paid or likely to be paid and subject to tax deduction | Effective tax rate (inclusive of surcharge & education cess) | |||
Individuals Section 194LBA | An individual is considered as tax resident in India if – Stay in India for 60 days or more during the tax year (i.e. FY 2017- 18) and at least 365 days in aggregate during the preceding four tax years; or Or Approach: All resident individuals as per BENPOS list are considered as Indian Tax Resident. | 10% | – is below one crore rupees rupees but does not exceed 10 crores |
– 5.720%
– 5.980% |
HUF | HUF is generally regarded to be a resident in India in any previous year unless its control and management is situated wholly outside India. Approach: All HUFs shall be regarded as tax resident. | 10% | Not applicable | |
LLP | LLP is generally regarded to be a resident in India in any previous year unless its control and management is situated wholly outside India. Approach: All LLPs shall be regarded | 10% | Not applicable | |
Company | Company is said to be resident in India if it is incorporated in India or if the place of effective management is in India. Approach: All body corporates, banks, clearing members as per BENPOS list shall be regarded as Company. | 10% | – is below one crore rupees – exceeds one crore rupees but does not exceed 10 crores – exceeds 10 crores | – 5.200% – 5.304%- 5.460% |
Alternative Investment Fund (“AIF”) | Central Government vide CBDT notification No.51/2015 dated 25 June 2015 has granted TDS exemption on all incomes other than business profits received by Category I and II AIFs. | For Category I & II AIF – Nil For Category III AIF – 10% | Not applicable | |
Mutual Fund | Under Section 10(23D) of the Act, any income earned by a Mutual Fund registered under the SEBI Act, 1992, or a Mutual Fund set up by a public sector bank or a public financial institution, or a Mutual Fund authorized by the Reserve Bank of India would be exempt from income tax, subject to such conditions as the Central Government may by notification in the Official Gazette specify in this behalf. Further, Section 196 provides that tax is not required to be deducted for any sum payable, being in the nature of interest or dividend in respect of any securities owned by mutual funds specified under section 10(23D) of the Act.
Approach: The Trust shall not withhold tax following mandate of section 196. | Nil | Not applicable | |
FPIs/ FIIs/ FNs | FPIs/ FIIs/ FNs are generally regarded as tax non-residents under Indian Income Tax. | Not Applicable | Being a Trust/ AOP – is below 50 lakhs rupees – exceeds 50 lakhs rupees but does not exceed one crore rupees – exceeds one crore rupeesBeing a Company- is below one crore rupees |
– exceeds one crore rupees but does not exceed 10 crores
– exceeds 10 crores
Being a firm/ LLP
– is below one crore
rupees
– exceeds one crore
rupees- 5.200%
– 5.720%
– 5.980%
– 5.200%
– 5.304%
– 5.460%
– 5.200%
– 5.824%
If we consider the Trust to be a perpetual entity, which keeps growing by acquiring more assets and distributing returns from the operational cash-flows of those assets – the capital investment and return will be based on market value of units at the time of purchase and sale.
If we consider the Trust to be an entity with current portfolio of seven assets only with finite life, then the capital repayment happens over the residual life as follows:
- Total Projected Distribution of over Rs. 438/unit over the life of IRB InvIT (terminal year being liquidation proceeds), comprising 38% as Dividend, 36% as Interest and balance 26% as Buyback/Capital reduction
- Underlying assumptions:
- Current InvIT portfolio of 7 assets considered with present capital & financing structure and cost of debt at 8.15%
- Traffic Growth of 5.5% p.a., WPI of 4.5% p.a.
- Implied Revenue CAGR ~10%
Presently Debt Equity ratio is 0.25:1 and it can borrow upto 1:1 Debt Equity ratio i.e. acquire Rs 45bn worth of assets (grow to 1.6x present size) with debt funding and without further equity dilution subject to the approval of the unitholders.
For Care Ratings
//www.careratings.com/upload/CompanyFiles/PR/IRB%20InvIT%20Fund-09-19-2017.pdf
For India Ratings
https://indiaratings.co.in/PressRelease?pressReleaseID=29377
- Organic growth: In the form of increase in Toll revenues; expected around 9.5-10% annually.
- Inorganic growth: Through acquisition of more projects from road developers across the industry, at an IRR conducive to the risk-reward profile of and return accretive to the Trust. The pace of project awards by NHAI is very encouraging and opens up an additional stream of projects based on Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM). HAM projects will provide a stable stream of annuity based cash flows and improve cash yield to unit holders from day 1. Toll assets will imply a higher IRR – conducive to the traffic risk they come with. The Trust will thus target a healthy mix of Toll and HAM projects to ensure high cash flow visibility as well as improvement of overall IRR. Within the sponsor Portfolio which has given Right of First Refusal and Future Asset Agreement with the Trust, the Trust has the option and visibility to acquire assets with a project cost of ~Rs 315bn that will become eligible for acquisition over the next 1-5 years.
Asset pipeline from Sponsor:
Sr. No. | Project Name | Type | Project Cost (Rs. in Mn) |
1 | IRB Ahmedabad Vadodara Super Express Tollway Pvt. Ltd. | BOT | 46,698 |
2 | Solapur Yedeshi Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 15,421 |
3 | Kaithal Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 23,475 |
4 | Yedeshi Aurangabad Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 31,770 |
5 | AE Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 25,350 |
6 | IRB Westcoast Tollway Private Ltd | BOT | 26,390 |
7 | Udaipur Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 20,879 |
8 | CG Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 20,900 |
9 | Kishangarh Gulabpura Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 15,260 |
10 | IRB Hapur Moradabad Tollway Private Limited | BOT | 34,000 |
11 | VK1 Expressway Private Ltd | HAM | 20,430 |
12 | IRB PS highway Private Ltd | HAM | 21,690 |
13 | IRB PP Project Private Ltd | HAM | 12,960 |
- Toll Collection: Each SPV has its own set of executives and operators for managing toll plazas and the Sponsor doesn’t have any involvement in this regard. Further, right from assessment/ identification of category of vehicles to collection tally at each operator’s end there are robust systems, checks and audits in place to ensure no leakage and/or discrepancy in collections can occur.
- Asset Transfers: The initial portfolio of six assets was valued on the basis of most conservative assumptions (4.5% Inflation + 5.5% traffic growth – resulting in 9.5-10% revenue CAGR) in line with investors’ expectations as well as their expected yield (12%). The seventh asset had a residual life of 17 years and was valued using same base assumptions – as the rest of the six assets. The acquisition was voted in favor by over 83% of the unitholders who voted and IRB Infra (being a related party) didn’t participate in the same.
- In future as well, each of the assets as may be offered from the Sponsor’s portfolio will be vetted and voted for by the non-sponsor unitholders only – in line with market determined yield and thus valuation. IRB InvIT can also acquire assets from other developers and has been evaluating such opportunities. It is in IRB Infra’s interest to aid growth of IRB InvIT to ensure long term continued visibility of asset capitalization through this vehicle and has Rs 315bn worth of assets that can be offered to the trust over the next 4-5 years.
Disclaimer:
The Factsheet and frequently asked questions (“FAQs”) are provided for information purposes only. They do not, and should not be deemed to constitute legal, financial, investment, tax or any other advice in relation to InvIT in general and IRB InvIT Fund “(IRB InvIT” or the “Trust”) in particular. It should not be relied for any investment decisions. Also, these FAQ’s contains certain forward-looking statements, and may contain certain projections. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words or phrases such as “aim”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “estimate”, “intend”, “objective”, “plan”, “project”, “will”, “will continue”, “will pursue”, “seek to” or other words or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements that describe strategies, objectives, plans or goals are also forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements and projections are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by forward-looking statements or projections due to risks or uncertainties associated without expectations with respect to, but not limited to, regulatory changes pertaining to the infrastructure sector in India and the Trust’s ability to respond to them, the Trust’s ability to successfully implement the its strategy and objectives, the Trust’s growth and expansion plans, technological changes, the Trust’s exposure to market risks, general economic and political conditions in India which have an impact on the Trust’s business activities or investments, the monetary and fiscal policies of India, inflation, deflation, unanticipated turbulence in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices or other rates or prices, the performance of the financial markets in India and globally, changes in domestic laws, regulations and taxes and changes in competition in the infrastructure sector. Certain important factors that could cause the Trust’s actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following:
- the business and investment strategy of the Trust;
- expiry or termination of the Project SPVs’ respective concession agreements;
- future earnings, cash flow and liquidity;
- potential growth opportunities;
- financing plans;
- the competitive position and the effects of competition on the Trust’s investments;
- the general transportation industry environment and traffic growth; and
- regulatory changes and future Government policy relating to the transportation industry in India.
By their nature, certain market risk disclosures are only estimates and could be materially different from what actually occurs in the future. As a result, actual gains or losses could materially differ from those that have been estimated. Forward-looking statements and projections reflect current views as of the date hereof and are not a guarantee of future performance or returns to investors. These statements and projections are based on certain beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information.
Although the Investment Manager believes the assumptions upon which these forward-looking statements and projections are based are reasonable, any of these assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and the forward-looking statements and projections based on these assumptions could be incorrect. None of the Trust, the Trustee, the Investment Manager and their respective affiliates/advisors have any obligation to update or otherwise revise any statements reflecting circumstances arising after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of underlying events, even if the underlying assumptions do not come to fruition.
There can be no assurance that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and projections will prove to be correct. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements and projections and not to regard such statements to be a guarantee or assurance of the Trust’s future performance or returns to investors. All prospective investors should consult their own professional advisors before making any investment decision regarding InvIT and the Parties to the Trust shall not be liable for consequences of any reliance on the FAQs. The FAQs do not, and should not be deemed to, constitute solicitation for investment, or invitation to offer, or offer in relation to securities of the Parties to the Trust. The information provided in the FAQs is subject to change and the Parties to the Trust do not have any obligation to update the FAQs from time to time. All readers should independently verify the adequacy and accuracy of information provided in the FAQs.
Updated: 09/07/2018